1
第一章从日瓦戈医生之母的葬礼写起,然后笔墨著力于母舅。舅舅正在写一本书,充满宗教,哲学,自由与革命之义。日瓦戈医生的思想生发于是,全书基调感发乎此:
“what's the history?it's the setting in motion of centuries of work at gradual unriddling death and eventually overcoming to it.”
我认为这是文眼。人民文学出版社的张秉衡先生译本于此句未达,吾不敏,敢另译一笔。曰:
“历史是什么?这是渐悟死亡与永生的世世代代的作工传统。”
这句话说的很明白:人生活于历史之中,而历史是心灵史;灵魂失救,求救与得救,是历史的过去,现在与将来。
人的历史,即“个性自由和视生命为奉献”(“奉献”二字张氏译为“牺牲”),这一句话我理解为:自由重“自我”权利,“忘我”重义,义与利不可偏,义在利中,利在义中。
日瓦戈医生写下不少诗歌,最后章节里的第一首是《哈姆雷特》,与此书第一章遥遥相应。张氏已经完整译出不是诗的那一部分来,我抄出英文,意译一个诗样子,诗眼即上述所引文眼。曰:
The hum dies down,I step out on the stage.
Leaning against a doorpost
I try to catch the echoes from far off
Of what my age is bringing.
人静夜未央
披衣起彷徨
栏杆数拍遍
举头对苍苍
自我与忘我
何处是吾乡
The night's darkness focuses on me
Thousands of opera glasses.
Abba Father,if only it can be,
Let this cup pass me by.
苍天沉我身
苍野浮我愁
众人醉眼看
我如苦杯何
不饮保微躯
领受成不朽
I love the stubbornness of your intent
And agree to play this role.
But now a different drama's going on-
Spare me,then,this once.
天意自难违
人生有所归
愿作哈氏戏
醒却众生心
岂料世事真如戏
不著伶衣献滑稽
But the order of the acts has been thought out,
And leads to just one end.
I'm alone,all drowns in pharisaism.
Life is no stroll through a field.
世情既设定
生命成宿命
伶俜对伪善
身世两永伤
人间成战场
生活费思量
不敢说意译出几分诗意,也不敢不说“a field”译为“战场”确得其神。帕氏知之,日瓦戈医生知之,皆不能易也。
|